Closing arguments begin in civil case against Gerry Adams

Closing arguments have begun in the civil trial against Gerry Adams in London, which is focusing on claims he was involved in three major IRA bombing decisions in England.

The victims bringing the case allege that Adams, 77, is personally liable for the injuries they received in attacks in London and Manchester.

The High Court has heard seven days of testimony, with Adams appearing in the witness box for almost 10 hours.

The former Sinn Féin leader has insisted he had no involvement in the explosions and has strongly denied a claim that he was a "major player" in the IRA.

In his final submissions on Wednesday afternoon, Adams' barrister Edward Kraven KC said that "very little" of the testimony heard in court over the past week related directly to the three bomb attacks at the core of the claimants' case.

He told the court that not one of the witnesses called by the claimants had claimed to have "any actual first-hand knowledge" about Adams' alleged responsibility for any of the bombings.

He suggested that the real objective of the claim was as a "vehicle to get the High Court to answer the question, was Gerry Adams a member of the IRA?"

Both legal teams will continue their closing arguments on Thursday.

London bombing 'could have ended peace talks'

Earlier, the court heard Adams say the London Docklands bomb in February 1996 left him "stunned" and could have ended talks to reach peace in Northern Ireland at the time.

The bombing, carried out by the IRA and is one of three attacks central to the civil case against Adams, marked the end of a ceasefire that had been in place since 1994.

Speaking about the 1996 bombings in court on Wednesday, Adams said: "That may well have heralded the end (of talks) but thankfully it didn't, we were resilient and we re-engaged," he said.

"The government knee-jerked and wouldn't meet with us, and then agreed to meet at official level slowly."

Asked if he had known anything in advance about the attack would he have done anything, Adams said that was a hypothetical question as he "didn't know" about it.

The court was played a recording of a video of Adams at a republican rally in August 1995, where he was quoted as saying "they haven't gone away, you know", in reference to the IRA.

Adams said his words at the time were an indication of the anger within the republican base of the "refusal of the British government to engage with Sinn Féin".

"This was a man in the crowd voicing his anger and I put the reply," he said.

"The IRA hadn't gone away at that stage, the IRA have thankfully gone away and that is the difference between that period and this period."

The court was also told about details of an internal memo from the UK government in 1993, in which the home secretary at the time took the view that Adams was at the "nerve centre" of the IRA.

The former Sinn Féin leader insisted that was not true and suggested the government had "dodged its responsibility" in the peace process by seeking to describe him as a "terrorist".

He added later: "The bombings in this case, the killing of three people and the wounding of others, I regret very much, but the folks giving this information have a vested interest."

Adams also told the civil trial in London that he used his "influence" as a republican as best he could to move from war to peace, but insisted he had always told the "truth" about his role.

He rejected a claim that he had ever been a "major player" in the IRA.

The allegation was made by Brendan Hughes, who was with Adams in prison in the early 1970s and died in 2008. The words were said in a recorded interview that was played in court.

Hughes was a hunger striker and officer commanding of the IRA.

When it was put to Adams that they were "fellow IRA operatives and IRA volunteers", the former Sinn Féin leader replied: "That is not true."

Sir Max Hill KC, barrister for the three claimants, said Hughes had spoken about Adams' alleged involvement in the organisation, referencing interviews cited in the book Say Nothing, by Patrick Radden Keefe.

"You're in denial about your role in the IRA to this day," said Sir Max.

Adams responded: "No, I tell the truth on that issue."

Later, the court was played part of a recording of an interview with a former IRA member who alleged he was ordered in 1980 to transport explosives to England by Adams and the late Martin McGuinness.

The barrister said that 34 years later, Rogers had "decided to tell the truth".

But Adams responded: "Well he's certainly not telling the truth."

Adams finished his testimony on Wednesday afternoon.

It was put to him by the barrister acting for the claimants that while he had played a seminal role in bringing the Troubles to an end, he also had a "seminal role in starting it".

"When all is said and done, that is the truth in relation to your personal history - you were undoubtedly Sinn Fein but equally you were IRA," said Hill.

Adams repeated that it was not true.

The trial, now in its seventh day, is being heard by Mr Justice Swift.

The action was brought by John Clark, a victim of the Old Bailey bomb in 1973, and Jonathan Ganesh and Barry Laycock, who were hurt in the 1996 attacks in London's Docklands and at Manchester's Arndale Shopping Centre respectively.

They are seeking £1 each in "vindicatory" damages.

Adams' lawyers have argued the case is based on "an assortment of hearsay" and that it has been brought several decades too late.

They have said the action should be subject to the three-year limitation period set out in legislation passed in 1980.